Are solar panel coverings suitable for a transmittance model?

An analytical transmittance model that is general, along with addressing anisotropy for diffuse radiation, would be useful for advancing the field. Thus, we systematically analyze the theoretical behavior of transmittance through solar panel coverings in a way that is directly compatible with the most used anisotropic sky models.

Do transparent coatings transmit all incoming solar radiation?

These transparent coatings do not transmit all incoming solar radiation due to partial reflections and absorptions that intensify with the angle of solar incidence. In the case of beam radiation, which consists of parallel rays with a deterministic incidence, the transmittance can be assessed with well-known analytical models.

Why do photovoltaic arrays use transparent coverings?

Due to the fragility of solar cells, photovoltaic arrays use protective transparent coverings, such as glass or polycarbonate sheets , which impact energy harvesting .

What are the anisotropic radiation components in a solar panel?

Fig. 1. General scheme of the anisotropic radiation components (Beam, Circumsolar, Sky Isotropic, Horizon Brightening, and Albedo) in relation to a solar panel with a given angular position.

Can solar panels withstand snow?

Even snow-covered panels can receive incoming irradiance, and the heat generated by PV modules is sufficient for snow to begin melting at temperatures as low as −3 °C, with a snow depth of 10 cm .

Does increased solar irradiance reduce parasitic resistance losses?

Increased solar irradiance reduces parasitic resistance losses . Irradiance has a linear effect on current and log-linear effect on voltage. Solar cell efficiency initially rises, plateauing around 600 W/m 2 before declining slightly up to 1000 W/m 2.